individual

Bartram, William (1739–1823)
Biography(born April 9, 1739, Kingsessing, Pa., U.S.—died July 22, 1823, Kingsessing) U.S. naturalist, botanist, and artist. the son of John Bartram, he described the abundant river swamps of the southeastern U.S. in their primeval conditio..

Bartram, John (1699 - 1777)
Biography(born March 23, 1699, Marple, Pa., U.S.—died Sept. 22, 1777, Kingsessing, Pa.) naturalist and explorer, considered the “father of American botany.” Largely self-educated, he was a friend of Benjamin Franklin and the bot..
Barton, Sir Derek H.R. (1918 - 1998)
Biography(born September 8, 1918, Gravesend, Kent, England—died March 16, 1998, College Station, Texas, U.S.) joint recipient, with Odd Hassel of Norway, of the 1969 Nobel Prize for Chemistry for his work on “conformational analysis,&..
Barnard, Edward Emerson (1857 - 1923)
Biography(born Dec. 16, 1857, Nashville, Tenn., U.S.—died Feb. 6, 1923, Williams Bay, Wis.) astronomer who pioneered in celestial photography and who was the leading observational astronomer of his time.In 1889 he began to photograp..
Banneker, Benjamin (1731 - 1806)
BiographyAstronomer and mathematician. Born Benjamin Bannakay on November 9, 1731 near Baltimore, Maryland. The grandson of an Englishwoman and a freed black slave, and the son of a slave father and freed black mother, he was allowed to atten..
Banks, Sir Joseph (1743 - 1820)
Biography(born , Feb. 13, 1743, London, Eng.—died June 19, 1820, Isleworth, London) British explorer and naturalist. After studying at Oxford, Banks inherited a fortune that allowed him to travel extensively, collecting plant and natural hi..
Baltimore, David (1938 - )
Biography(born March 7, 1938, New York, New York, U.S.) American virologist who shared the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1975 with Howard M. Temin and Renato Dulbecco. Working independently, Baltimore and Temin discovered reverse tran..
Ballard, Robert (1942 - )
Biography(born June 30, 1942, Wichita, Kansas, U.S.) American oceanographer and marine geologist whose pioneering use of deep-diving submersibles laid the foundations for deep-sea archaeology. He is best known for discovering the wreck of the Tit..
Bakewell, Robert (1725 - 1795)
Biography(born 1725, Dishley, Leicestershire, Eng.—died Oct. 1, 1795, Dishley) English agriculturist. He revolutionized English sheep and cattle breeding by methodical selection, inbreeding, and culling. He was one of the first to breed she..
Bailly, Jean-Sylvain (1736 - 1793)
Biography(born Sept. 15, 1736, Paris, France—died Nov. 12, 1793, Paris) French astronomer and politician. Noted for his computation of an orbit for Halley"s Comet in 1759, he turned to politics with the outbreak of the French Revolution. He..

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